Bufo verrucosissimus

General questions to guide the assessment process

Distribution

Where is the species found?

What is its known elevational range?

How many threat-defined locations (could be individual geographical localities or cluster(s) of such localities) is it known from?

Is the species likely to have a wider distribution?

Please indicate the survey effort invested into establishing the distribution of this species (i.e. level of uncertainty associated with whether a range may be truly restricted or not)

Please indicate if extent of occurrence (EOO) or area of occupancy (AOO) estimates are available for the species, and if so, how they were calculated

Population

What is this species’ relative abundance (rare, common, abundant)?

If data are available, please provide number of records per survey effort

Are there any indications of population trends?

When was the species last seen?

Is the population severely fragmented? For IUCN purposes, to qualify for severely fragmented a population must 1) occur in fragmented habitat patches, 2) have poor dispersal ability, such that it is not possible for animals to move between fragments, and 3) have 50% or more of its individuals in isolated and fragmented habitat patches

Habitats and ecology

What are the major habitat types occupied by the species?

Does it tolerate disturbance, and if so, what levels of disturbance might it withstand?

What is the species’ breeding ecology (i.e. direct development, larval development requiring water, clutch size, time of year, etc.)?

Use

Is this species utilized? If so, for what purpose, and what level of harvests are involved?

Threats

Which are the major known or verified threats impacting the species (e.g. clear-cutting of a forest in the case of a forest-dependent species)?

Which threats are suspected to impact the species (e.g. forest disturbance from eco-tourism to forest-dependent species)?

What is the nature of these confirmed or perceived threats (e.g. slash and burn agriculture, agroindustry, mining pollution, etc.), their extent and their intensity?

Conservation

Does the species occur in protected areas (e.g. national parks, reserves, etc.) or other conservation areas (e.g. community stewardship areas)? If so, are these well-managed?

Are there any species-specific conservation actions planned or in place?

What additional conservation efforts (implementable over the next five years) might be needed to assist the persistence of the species?

Assessment

Would you assign an IUCN threatened category to this species? Why or why not? Following the IUCN criteria, what would be the most appropriate category given the currently available evidence?